LIEBSTER AWARD Nomination

Liebster Award Nomination

Travelandshare.travel.blog Nominated by tkbrownwriter— 26 August 2020

I am so very honored and humbled by receiving a nomination for the Liebster Award, by tkbrownwriter. Thank You, tkbrownrighter, for this special recognition of the writings I post. It is indeed a blessing to be named as worthy of recognition by a blogging peer who also knows all that goes into creating a message of any genre. With each nomination, I am blessed with new acquaintances, new blogging peers, and new friends. Each of you means much to me, and I pray I might continue to create posts which are of service to the humanity and to all who read. I try to share maximum possible utility information about Travel destinations with my readers/potential travelers to those places for their convenience ! Having traveled to these places enables me to share first hand information ! I shall always strive to maintain a high quality to the writings I post.

To those of you who are reading this post, tkbrownwriter creates beautiful and informative posts to educate, inspire, and equip her readers with the tools required for a blessed life here on earth. If you have not visited and read her postings, I encourage you to click this link: https://tkbrownwriter.wordpress.com/.

The Liebster Award has been created as a way for bloggers to recognize relatively new peers who create posts they deem worthy of special notice.This site : https://bloggingfilter.com/liebster-award/ tells us “Liebster” is a German word which means ‘sweetest, kindest, nicest, dearest, beloved, lovely, kind, pleasant, valued, cute, endearing, and welcome’. To be recognized by my friends and fellow bloggers with such endearing welcomes is a very special honor.

~~~~~~~~~~

Rules for the Liebster Blogger Award:

Thank the blogger who nominated you and give a link to her or her blog. To Tkbrownwriter: https://tkbrownwriter.wordpress.com, Thank You, once again for bestowing this honor upon me!
Answer the 11 questions asked of you.
Nominate 11 other bloggers.
Ask ‘your nominees’ 11 questions.
Notify your nominees once you have uploaded your post.

~~~~~~~~~~

Tkbrownwriter’s Questions to me:

What is your best childhood memory?
1. Being the eldest of the 5 children of my parents I was always expected to be extra responsible for my younger siblings in terms of their safety and care as it is understandable that parents tend to be overly stressed in bringing up all children at tandom arranging for their schooling and livelihood.I happily took up the extra responsibility. These are extra special memories to me.
If you had a chance for a “do-over” in life, what would you do differently?
1. As I have already mentioned(in Q.no. 1),I was fully engrossed in discharging my duties towards my family throughout my childhood and most part of my adulthood, I could not devote enough time to pursue my inclination towards study of spiritualism and pursuit of knowledge of Almighty’s creations. There is so much I could have learned and done, if I had more time during those times.
How do you spend your free time?
1. I typically spend my free time reading some good novels and writing daily diary of events but I also enjoy maintaining records of financial transactions & planning /any repayments pending and any budgeting required to be done to ensure financial security of family and children.
What do you feel most proud of?
1. I feel proud of taking up & completing any noble or constructive work. However, I am happy and pleased when I successfully complete the responsibilities entrusted to me.
What is the skill you would like to learn and why?
1. I still have the desire to learn to become a good motivator. When possible, I take tiny steps toward achieving this goal.
What is your strongest quality?
1. I have always been a passionate listener. It helps me to be more communicative and understanding.
If you could only keep five possessions, what would they be?
1. My good conscience
2. My capability to work hard
3. My faith in God
4. Good Health
5. My compassion for others
What teacher in school made the most impact on you and why?
1. My fifth grade teacher . He helped me to understand that I was in school to learn, to be disciplined, obey instructions and do hard work.
Who do you most admire in your life?
1. My parents — “when life gave them scraps, they made quilts.” — Anonymous
What is the best comedy movie you have ever seen and why?
Chalti ka naam gaadi—for sheer entertainment.
Do you believe in luck?
1. No, I believe in Karma.

~~~~~~~~~~

My Nominees are:

My Questions to My Nominees:

What is your favorite genre to read and why?
What color best describes you as a person and why?
If travel into outer space were as simple as traveling around the world, where would you go and why?
Is the statement, “Black Lives Matter” racist?
Is the statement, “All Lives Matter” racist?
Why did you answer questions 4 and 5 as you did?
Whom have you considered your most important role model and why?
Why do we have parents?
What is most important: to have peace of mind or to have a million dollars?
What does writing do for you personally?
Do you engage in the visual arts (i.e., painting, sketching, sculpting)? If so, which?

~~~~~~~~~~

The Liebster Award is a way to be discovered but also to connect and support the blogging community. It is a great idea in promoting your own blog and those of others. Originally it was given out to blogs with less than 2000 readers, but this has slowly lowerd as the reward has gained popularity. It is now supposedly only 200 readers or less. It’s really not an arbitrary number. If you like helping other blogs, go ahead and do it regardless of size. This award is all about promoting and viewing other peoples blogs.

~~~~~~~~~~

Once again, I would like to Thank You, Tkbrownwriter , (https://tkbrwnwriter.com) for bestowing this honor upon me. Also, to those I have nominated,Thank You, for all you do to grow & support the blogging community. I extend a heartfelt thanks to each of you!

~~~~~~~~~~

Ideal Inspiration Blogger Award

I have been nominated by an amazing blogger for Ideal Inspiration blogger award. Thank you Kingsley for nominating me. Kingsley’s blog has been a source of inspiration and encouragement to me.

Please visit Kingsley’s blog, http ://divineroyalty2.wordpress.com

Rules for the award are:

Thank the person who has nominated you and provide a link back to his/her blog.
Answer their questions.
Nominate up to 9 other bloggers and ask them 5 new questions.
Notify the nominees through their blog by visiting and commenting on their blog.
List the rules and display the “Ideal Inspiration Blogger Award” logo.

Provide the link of the Award creator of Ideal Inspiration Blogger Award as Journey in his wordWww.journeythroughlifeministries.com

Questions from Kingsley are;

How do you start blogging?

A. I have been a Travel enthusiast all my life and used to upload my travel stories on the Facebook where some of my friends suggested to start blogging & thats how I started it.

What is your best inspiration source?

A. The best inspiration I could draw from my readers response who wholeheartedly supported &boosted my moral by acknowledging my mission to share the critical informations about travel destinations with my interested readers/potential travelers.

What’s most interesting thing you found in blogging?

A.Most important thing I found about blogging is the vital platform for Culture/tradition /language/information exchange &sharing among world communities inculcating a sense of peace,brotherhood & feeling of forbearance so vital in today’s world scenario.

How often do you write?

A. As soon as I have some utility post to share with my readers I go ahead with it.

How long do you think you could blog?

As long as I can by the Almighty God’s grace.

My nominees for the award are:

Insightful Geopolitics…..http://insightful.co.in

B +Ve !! …. https://debasisnayak.org

Nithinks.com… http://nithinkscom.wordpress.com

Lance Sheridan…. https://lancesheridan.com

Whims that woo… https://whimsthatwoo.com

Mahima’s blog…. https://mahimajalan.wordpress.com

Meetali Pandit… https://meetalipanditbarfi7.wordpress.com

Saania 2806.wordpress.com…..http://saania2806.wordpress.com

Tweeting Mynah …..http://tweetingmynah.com

My questions for my nominees are :-

1)How did you take up blogging ?

2)What inspired you to start blogging ?

3)What did you find interesting in blogging ?

4)How much time do you devote to blogging ?

5)Do you want to use blogging as a simple hobby or a profession ?

My site : D S Chauhan……..http:// travelshare.travel.blog

ONCE UPON A TIME IN 1990,WE WENT ON A MARVELLOUS TRIP TO THE AMAZING SOUTH-INDIAN TOURIST DESTINATIONS-A PANORAMIC SPLENDOUR

In Oct.1990 We ,a group of seven persons, set off on an amazing 20-days tour(20/10/1990 to 09/11/1990) of South India visiting & enjoying some mesmerizing spots with exquisite scenic beauty ,rich cultural heritage & historical background.We started from Delhi by train to Madras(now Chennai)& proceeded to Pondicherry as our first destination.Afterwards we visited Chidambaram, Madurai, Rameshweram /Dhanushkodi ,Kanyakumari /Nagercoil ,Tenkashi /Courtallam 5-Falls, Kodaiknal, Mysore , Bangalore(now Bengluru), Goa and back to Delhi.

South Indian tourist destinations promise quite refreshing feelings while viewing grey clouds blending with greenery of fields,mesmerising beauty of rolling hills shrouded in the alluring mist and dense forests.There is abundance of natural beauty in the water falls,simmering lakes,lush green coconut groves/banana/mango plantations ,eternally pleasant weather,with scenic panoramas of the natural wonderland & serenity(such as in Kodaiknal).It offers colourfully- painted houses ,colonial-era buildings,pristine beaches,Churches(such as in Pondicherry).Amazingly mesmerizing beaches,sunsets and exciting & vibrant nightlife.eclectic seafood,famous New year Carnival,trendy bars,elegant Cafes &disco clubs(as in Goa).Panjim overlooks the calm Mandovi river.The hub of Indian IT revolution& known as Indias’s Silicon Valley(its Bengaluru).Its also known as India’s Garden city owing to the beautiful parks &lakes.Mysore is a nice city with its restaurants offering delicious food&sweets(Mysore Pak).Its rich in cultural &historical significance which is evident in the Mysore Palace & the amazing Vrindavan Gardens with its spectacular light & sound show in the evening.

1)PONDICHERRY(now Pudducherry):

Its the capital and most populous city of Indian Union Territory of Puddicherry in the SE Coast of India surrounded by Tamilnadu with which it shares most of its culture and languages.Pondi muncipallity contains 42 wards

Main Tourist Attractions:

1)AUROBINDO ASHRAM is located in the white town of Pondicherry. If we want Moksha and inner piece then its a must visit the Ashram as this its main motto. People from all parts of the world come to pay visit to the Ashram. 2)PARADISE BEACH :For activities like walking ,playing,eating &boating. 3)PONDICHERRY LIGHT HOUSE:Its a remarkable site for viewing Pondi from the top for natural &picturesque views.Many events and festivals are organised here.4)Basilica of sacred hearts Church.

2)CHIDAMBARAM:

Its a town & a muncipality in Cuddalore district of TN once ruled by Pallavas in 9th century,medieval Cholas,later Pandyas,Vijaynagar Empire,Marathas & British. Natraj temple is located in Eastern TN at a distance of 58 km from Pondi.If we want to experience heritage,history,vibrant culture,tradition then visit this wonderful temple.Nearby is a hindu temple-Shiva as the Lord of Dance in Chidambaram. It has mythical roots in a shiva shrine at the site as town was known as Thillai. Chidambaram Univ. is quite renowned one.

3)MADURAI :

Its a major city and the cultural capital of TN and the third largest city.Its located on the river Vagai Madurai has been a major settlement for two millennia. It is closely associated with Tamil language.Official languages-Tamil & English.Historical monuments are Meenakshi temple & Tirumalai Nayak palace.Its an important industrial & educational hub in south TN.

4)RAMESHWARAM:

Its a town of Pamban island in southeast India in TN.It is renowned for the Ramanathaswami temple-a hindu pilgrimage site with ornate corridors,huge sculpted pillars & sacred water tanks.Devotees bathe in the waters of Agni Theertham off the beach east of temple.A chakra(wheel)is said to bear the imprint of Lord Rama’s feet.Pamban bridge is a railway bridge connecting town of Mandapam in mainland with Rameshwaram and Pamban island. Dhanushkodi is a town at south eastern tip of Pamban island of TN and is about 24km west of Tallaimannar in Srilanka. The town was destroyed during thr 1964 Rameshwaram cyclone& remains unhabited in the aftermath located in Ramanathapuram distt. Its considered as one of the holiest place to Hindus and part of Chardham pilgrimage. Its believed to be named after Rama’s bow at 8km from Rameshwaram. The place with boulders is known as Adams Bridge. Other Attractions :1)Ramanathapuram,2)Tirupulani, 3)Uthirakosamangal,4)Sethu.

5)KANYAKUMARI :

Its a town in Kanyakumari distt. of TN.Its often referred as ‘the Land’s End’ .On the shores of the town is a temple dedicated to Godess Kanyakumari(the Virgin Goddess)after which the town is named.Devi Kanyakumari is Goddess Parvati in form of an adolescent girl child also known as Shri bala or Shakti,Devi.The Bhagwati temple is located in the confluence of Bay of Bengal,Arabian sea and Indian ocean.Its one of the 52 Shaktipeeths and was also called Cape Camorin during British rule. MAIN ATTRACTIONS:

1)Bhagwati Amman Temple,2)Thiruvalluvar Statue,3)Vivekanand Rock Memorial,4)Gandhi memorial,5)Our Lady of Ransom Church. 6)Nagarcoil : Its the administrative h/q of Kanyakumari distt.located 20 kms from it. Its situated at the tip of the Indian Penninsula lying on an undulated terrain between the western ghats and the Arabian sea .It grew aoround Kottar town.The main attraction is a Hindu Temple of Nagas (Nagaraja Temple)

6)TENKASHI:

Popularly called the Kashi of the South is a city and H/Q of Tenkashi distt. Here the Kashi Vishvanathan temple is built in Dravidian style. Tenkashi is famous for IT Tech parks and growing to become Silicon valley in Tirunelveli distt. MAIN ATTRACTIONS :

1)COURTALLAM 5-FALLS:Located at 5kms from Tenkashi, its on the Chittar river and is a major tourist attraction.Located in western ghats,Courtallam is part of Agasthiamalai range where sage AGASTYA is believed to have lived.Also it is believed that the waterfalls have some Ayurvedic values in treatment of certain ailments 2)Kashi Vishwanath temple.

7)KODAIKNAL :

Its a city in the Dindigul(the gift of the forest)distt. of TN popularly called the Queen of hill stations.It has a long history as the retreat , a popular hill station & Kodaiknal lake boating.Henry Levinge ,the then collector of Madurai was instrumental in creating the lake in 1683.Its famous for boating,beautiful parks & mesmerising views of clouds floating in the valley below when observed from a higher location.Great treat to the eyes.

8)MYSORE :(Mysuru now)

Its a beautiful city with variety of restaurants offering delicious food & sweets(Mysore pak).Its rich historical & cultural significance can be seen in the Mysore Palace and the beautiful Vrindavan gardens with musical fountains. Main attractions: 1)Mysore Palace,2)Srirangapatnam-a heritage site 15km from Mysore. 3)Vrindavan gardens :Sir Mirza Ismail,the Divan of Mysore founded the Vrindavan gardens built in the Cauvery river high level canal in modern Mandya distt.4)Chamundi hills.5)Karanji lake,6)Mysore Zoo, 7)Philomena Church, 8)Lalitha mahal,9)Jagmohan palace, 10)Bandipur national park,11)Somnathpura-35km Mysore known for Kesava temple.

9)BANGALORE:(Bengaluru now)

Its the capital of Karnataka (at an elev. of 900 mts-the highest among indian cities)known for a pleasant climate throughout the year.Its the hub of India’s IT Revolution and known as the silicon valley of India.It has best pub culture,pleasant weather,beautiful parks and lakes and is known as India’s garden city. Apart from MNCs, Bengaluru is also home to many start ups and Indian Tech companies. Main attractions :1)Cubban Park, 2) Lal bagh botanical garden built by Hyder Ali.3)Bangalore palace, 4)Tipu sultan’s summer house,5)Nandi’s temple, 6)Vishvesraiya industrial and technological park, 7)Suvarna Vidhana Soudha.

10) GOA :

ABOUT GOA :

Its the 25th state of India-a tiny emerald in the west coast of India.It was liberated from Portuguese rule(1509 to 1961) in 1961.It was part of Goa, Daman &Diu Union Territory till 30/05/1987.when it was carved out to form a separate state of Goa.It is to the SW Coast of India within the region known as Konkan and Geographically separated from Deccan highlands by the western ghats.It is surrounded by Indian states of Maharastra to North,Karnataka to East & South with Arabian sea forming its western coast.It is India’s smallest state .Languages: Konkani Main attractions:1)Dhudhsagar falls,2)Aguada fort,3)Anjuna beach, 4)Calangute beach,5)Basilica of Bom Jesus ,6)Dona Paula beach,7)Chapora Fort, 8)Se Cathedral,9)Colva beach, 10)Dr Salim Ali bird sanctuary.

Finally the splendid tour of Southern states was concluded with each of us enjoying it to the fullest.It was a worth cherishing the beautiful reminensces of the tour!

Looking back down the memory lane, I and my colleague, Mr Duttaray had gone on a short 7-days tour of Mumbai,Goa,& Aurangabad(Ajanta Ellora/Bibi ka makbara/Chand minar) in April 1986.Recollecting some memories of the tour:-

1) ELEPHANTA CAVES:They are located in the Elephanta island in Rajgarh distt. 10 km east of Mumbai in Maharastra. They are UNESCO World Heritage site and collection of cave temples predominantly to hindu God Shiva.The island consists of 5 hindu cavesand a few Buddhist stupa mounds that date back to the 2nd century BCE as well as small group of two Buddhist caves with water tank.Also there is a 6 mtr high Trimurti sculpture.

ELEPHANTA CAVES IN THE ELEPHANTA ISLAND 10 KM EAST OF MUMBAI

2)Visited Goa and performed return journey to Mumbai by Ship which was a very enjoyable 22-hrs journey.From Mumbai proceeded to Aurangabad.

3)AURANGABAD: Its the largest city in marathwada region and H/Q of Aurangabad distt.in Maharastra. Its located in a hilly terrain in Deccan area.The city is known for major production of cotton textile and artistic silk fabrics.Several prominent instituitions-such as Dr Baba Sahib Ambedkar Marathwada Univ.

At Aurangabad visited the following tourist spots:-

1)AJANTA-ELLORA CAVES: There are approx. 30 rock cut Buddhist cave monuments which date back from 2nd century BCE to 480 CE. in Aurangabad distt. of Maharastra. The caves include paintings and rock cut sculptures described as among the finest surviving examples of ancient art, expressive emotions and gestures ,pose and form.They are Universally regarded as masterpieces of Buddhist religious art in an area of 82 sq km.

2)Shivaji maharaj museum is dedicated to Maratha King Shivaji. The museum displays war weapons and a coin collection.North of the city,the Aurangabad cave complex houses the ancientrock cut Buddhist shrines.West of the city battlements surround the medieval Daulatabad fort.

3)BIBI KA MAQBARA: It is a tomb located in Aurangabad,was commissioned in1660BC by Mughal emperor Auranjeb in memory of his first & chief wife Dilras Banu Begam .It is considered to be a symbol of Auranjebs love for his wife .It resembles Tajmahal of Agra- the ausoleum of Auranjeb’s mother Mumtaz mahal.

4) CHAND MINAR: Or popularly called the tower of moon is a medieval tower in Daulatabad near Deogiriji Fort Complex.It was erected by Mughal Allauddin Bahmani in 1443CE to commemorate capture of the fort. It bears resemblance to the Qutab minar of Delhi and was inspired by it, Daulatabad is a human settlement in Aurangabad distt.

MEMORABLE TOUR OF NORTH EASTERN STATES- MANIPUR & NAGALAND

M A N I P U R: AN EXQUISITE GEM OF NORTH EAST KNOWN FOR ITS VERY RICH TRADITIONS,DANCE FORMS,VARIETY OF RARE & EXOTIC FLAURA & FAUNA,LUSH GREEN MEADOWS, HILLS, GURGLING STREAMS AND PICTURESQUE WATERFALLS. N A G A L A N D:TRIBAL STATE WITH MESMERIZING SCENIC BEAUTY EVER STRIVING TO RETRIEVE & CONSERVE THE NAGA CULTURE THROUGH ITS VIBRANT FESTIVALS & NAGA HERITAGE COMPLEXES HOLDING RICH HISTORICAL/CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE.

On 30/05/2015, We reached Imphal for our 5-day(30/5 to 03/6) tour of the North Eastern sister-states Manipur & Nagaland. India’s NE is a land of undulating hills/plains with luxuriant green cover, exotic flaura & fauna, powerhouse of natural resources, full of diversity, picturesque landscapes, rich cultural/historical heritage and multicoloured festivals.The tour was a magnificient one- the unforgettable memories of which will be cherished lifelong.

MANIPUR literally means a ‘Jewelled land’:a town that rightly justifies the small,picturesque land with sites like Loktak lake(53km from its capital city Imphal)and Khongapat Orchidarium. Is famous for its natural beauty.Its a spectacular off beat tourist destination which is bestowed with lush green meadows,hills,rugged streams,waterfalls& aromatic tea estates.Its the true jem of North east. Interract with the locals,soak in the good vibes &loose yourself in the beauty of nature.Its one of the seven sisters northeast states.Its known for its dance forms,music, sumptuous cuisine &dense forests with rare species of plants & animals.The favourite food of Manipuri people is rice vegetables and fermented Ngri fish .Best time to visit is- from Oct to April.

MAIN POINTS OF FAME ARE:1)Its often referred to as Kangleipak & Meeteilipak by local people. 2)Birthplace of Polo. 3)Battleground at Lokpachig. 4)Kiebul Lamjao National parks. 5)Dangal gone folk. 6)Merged with Indian Union in 1949 and was declared a state in 1972 .7)Hardworking women-Ima Kathel market.8)Ban on hindi language/Bollywood.9)ILP is required to visit Manipur. 10)Meitie tribe. 11)First ruler-Nonlida Laven Pakhangba in around 33 AD. 12)Gandharv disa. 13)Rasleela dance .14)Bamboo-53/126 species are found in Manipur.It produces 10 lakhs Ton/year. 15)Manipuri rice liquor. 16)Worlds oldest polo ground. 17)Rich Tribal culture-Andro village. 18)INA Museum of historical importance. 19)Khagkhui caves were inhabited since 3000 BC/stone age. 20) Sangai festival.21)Iron lady of Manipur-Irom Chanu Sharmila -a civil rights activist who founded a political party in 2016 called-Peoples Ressurgence and Justice Alliance(PRAJA).She was known for her hunger strike against the Armed Forces Act. She also wrote two Books- 1)Fragrance of peace. 2)Iron Irom: Two journeys where the abnormal is normal. AWARDS :Gwangju Prize for human rights.

History of Manipur : Its a small state bounded by Nagaland to the North,Mizoram to the South,Assam to the West & Myanmar to the East .Area-22,327 sq km,Established in 1972,Population-5,12,069. Main groups-Meitie,Pangals(Manipuri muslims),Naga tribes,kuki/Zo tribes and other communities which speak variety of Sino-Tibetan languages.Due to its neighbouring states,there is migration of people,culture & religion.It always used to be independent of its neighbouring tribal areas, though often invaded by Burma,enjoyed long stable Govts. Manipur became part of British India following Yandaboo treaty with East India Co.in 1826.During the World War-II the Japanese forces marched to Manipur. It was given the status of full-fledged state in 1972.The kingdom of Manipur was established by King Loiyumba in 1110 and became princely state of British Raj from 1824 to 1947 and Independent from 1947 to 1949.It contains 467 villages.Palace of Kangla is an old palace located in Imphal. It was located on both the sides of river Imphal but now it is on the western bank only.It was the traditional seat of the past Meitei rulers of Manipur.

I M P H A L :

It is metropolitan centre of city with the Kangla fort now housing the relics.On the south is the old polo ground,state museum displaying tribal artifacts and a large royal boat.Next to the royal palace is the Sri Govindji temple having twin domes,a hall& shrines of Hindu Gods. Elev.-786 mts, Population-2,64,986(2011), Imphal-East, Imphal-West,Languages-Meeteilon(Manipuri)& English, Literacy rate-95%-male, 87%female.Inhabitants-Hindu-70%,Christians-10%(rest others). Imphal Airport is a domestic-upgraded new International AP second largest in NE after Guwahati.

HISTORY OF IMPHAL : It was initially ruled by Kin Khaba and later ruled by Pakhangba leader.The clan of Ningthonja tribe originated then.The Kangla palace was built by king Khargemba and his son Khujabo. Later it was destroyed by British during Anglo-Manipur war However the kingdom survived with the help of Maharaja Gambhir Singh. Imphal remained peaceful till 1891 when British arrived to intervene in the royal family matters. This resulted in Anglo-Manipur war which British won. The battle of Imphal was fought around the city from March to July 1944. Japanese army tried to destroy the allied forces at Imphal&invade India but were driven back into Burma with heavy losses.

MAIN TOURIST ATTRACTIONS:

1)Kangla Fort, 2) INA Memorial, 3)Sri Govindji Temple, 4)Loktak lake, 5)Manipur Zoological garden, 6)Manipur state Museum, 7)D Zukou valley (on the Manipur Nagaland border), 8)Ima Kiethel women market,9)Jorebangla temple, 10)Theron caves, 11)Shahid minar, 12)Churachandrapur, 13)Bishnupur temple, 14)Radha krishna/Ram balram/Hanuman temple, 15)Chungugu Thangjing temple, Lahron Moirang, 16)Sendra islands, 17)Moreh border, 18)Tamu market, Myanmar can be reached from Moreh border after depositing ones Election ID Card.

NAGALAND :

Its known for its mesmerising scenic beauty and some important festivals(8) which hold cultural& historical significance.Its predominantly a tribal state with about 16-17 tribal groups. Nagaland Adminitration is striving to retrieve and conserve the erstwhile Naga history & cultural heritage through numerous festivals& vibrant fares.

ABOUT NAGALAND:

Its a mountaneous state of the Northeast bordering Myanmar.Its home to diverse indigenous tribes festivals and fares celebrating the different tribes culture.Its capital city Kohima suffered heavy losses in World war II commemorating the Kohima war cemetery. Nagaland state museum exhibits the ancient weaponery, a ceremonial drum and other traditional Naga Cultural artifacts. It was formed on 01/12/1963 and became 16th state of India.The largest city is Dimapur. The Nagas are believed to be of Mangolian race.They might have migrated from China to settle at the foothills of Himalayas.They used to speak Tibeto-Burman dilect with their cultures being diverse-a few tribes are polygamous and others are monogamous. Naga people are various ethenic groups native to NE India and NW Myanmar.The groups have similar cultures and traditions &form the majority of Naga population in Nagaland & Naga -administered zone of Myanmar. Languages: Naga language,Nagamese,Creole,English.Religion:Christianity,Theravada, Buddism, Animism.Highest elevation: Mt. Saramati at 3826 mts, Population:22.8L(2012) ,Literacy level.-80.11%, Official language-English, It was carved out of state of Assam, state of Nagaland act-1962, Mammal-Mithun, Bird-Blyths Trajopan, Flower-Rhodendron, Tree-Alder.

In 1944, during the World War-II,the Japanese army invaded through Burma and attempted to take India through Kohima. British India soldiers along with British troops defended the area of Kohima and successfully repelled the Japanese troops.There is a WW-II Cemetry and war museum in honour of those who lost their lives (mostly Nage Angami tribe).Kohima cathedral is on Aradura hill.Prayers are held in Kohima for peace and in memory of the dead.Apart from Kohima many other places like Zunheboto, Wokha, Tuensang are very popular specially during the festivals celebrated with lot of zeal and enthusiasm.

MAIN TOURIST ATTRACTIONS:

1)War Cemmetry, 2)Japfu peak at 3048 mts, 3)Sadar hills, 4)Konkoni hills, 5)Senapati,6)Mao, 7)INA Tank(Netaji SC Bose), 8)Tori, 9)Kohima museum, 10)Kohima Zoo, 11)Khonoma village, 12)Shilloi lake, 13)Kohima cathedral, 14)Mokokchung :It is the most developed city (socially and politically)of Nagaland. It is known for extravagant celebrations of Christmas/New year and the Moatrii festival in May.Its home to Ao tribe native to the land-extremely hospitable tribe.Museum in Arts and Culture is a perfect place to explore tribe traditions of Nagaland especially their war gear & clothing.15) Kisama Naga Hertage Complex: Kisama is an amalgamation of Nage villages Kegwema ,Phesama & MA village.It seeks to promote culture &tradition of Naga people facilitated through Nagaland Administration to retrieve & conserve the erstwhile Naga culture.

History And The Origin Of The Chahamana Rajputs! Great Prithviraj Chauhan-Dharti ka Veer Yoddha (The Brave Indian Warrior)

Chahamana Rajputs were the main out of the four Agnikula Kshatriyas-Chauhans, Parmaras ,Solankis & Pratiharas (Agnikula Kshatriyas are considered as another branch of Suryavanshi descent as per Hammari Mahakavya of 1400 AD). Chauhan Gotracharya: Samved, Somvansh, Madhyandini Shakha, Gotracharya is used for marriage relationships and has not changed from time immemorial. Chauhans are termed as Agnivanshi Rajputs. James Tod places it in the list of thirty six Royal races in Pulota,Harsha and later Sambhar and Ajmer had become power centres of Chauhan kings. Due to importance of Sambhar lake they have been called Shakambharishwar.

Important and relevant details of Chauhans Rajputs :

Vansh- Agnivanshi,descended from Dhundhar, Rishi-Atreya,
Common Ancestory– Cheema, Chahal, Chohan,Chahar,Chatha, Chillar.
Branches: Sanchora,Songara,Lonia Hada,Deora,Bhadauriyas,chavan,Rajkunwar.
Ruled in :Nadol, Jalor, Dhundhar ,Ajmer, Delhi, Haryana, Neemrana, Hadoti, Godwar, Awadh.

Vanshaval of Prithvirj Chauhan or Rai Pithora :

1)Vasudeva(c-6thcenturyCE) 2)Samantaraj(c 684-709 CE)Historian R B Singh identified legendary Manik Rai as the progenitor/restorer of Chauhan rule/dynasty in Sambhar by the grace of Shakambhari mata and was the lord of Ajmer & Sambhar in western Rajwara————– — ——– 30)Someshwara(1169-1178) 31)Prithviraj-III(1178-1192CE) 32)Govindraja -IV (1192CE) Banished by Hariraja for accepting muslim suzerainty. 33)Hariraja-(1193-1194CE) son of Someshwar, King of Supadaksha (Shakambhari Chahamana).He dethroned naphew GovindrajIV and ruled part of ancestral kingdom for brief period being defeated by Ghurids in 1194CE 34)Chahamanas of Ranthanbhor(1192CE-1301 CE) known as the Chahamanas of Ranthambhor and later as Soverigns.They were preceded by Chauhans of Shakambhari and succeeded by Delhi Sultanate(1206-1526).It was established by Govindraj as a vassal of Ghurids after the defeat of Prithviraj Chauhan. Chahamanas belonged to the Shakambhari-Sapadalakha-Shivalik containing 125000 towns and villages. Nagore town in Jodhpur is at the same distance from Sambhar.

As per saint shri Kanharam, in 10th century, Nagvansh -Chauhan sect came after Parihars were weakened -main places were Nagore and Sambhar.Chauhans did not let Arab, Turkey,Ghori Gajnavi enter India upto 200 centuries.Chauhans (Churu branch)-Gogas in 9th century defeated Md. Gajnavi but Gogaji was sacrificed in the battle.There is a Lokdevata Goga mela organised in villages.In ancient Nagvanshi Kshatriya came to be known as Chauhans with capital at Nagore.551 AD-Vasudev Nag was the ruler ,7th century-Nardev,8th century VigrahrajaII-Prithviraj-I,,Govindraj-II,1053-At the time of Govindraj III-due to interference of Arabs/Turks, the Chauhans shifted their capital to Sambhar.After that they shifted to yet safer place Ajmer in 1123(made capital by king Ajaypal who constructed Taragarh. Anoraj(1133-53), Vigrahraj-IV was a great king (1153-64)who constructed a sanskrit college in Ajmer.Later on the muslim invaders converted it into Dhai di ka jhonpara. Jagdev ,Prithviraj II,Someshwar Chauhan & then Prithviraj Chauhan(1178-92) became the ruler of Ajmer and Delhi.

Genealogical Tree of Chahamanas-39 Princes ruled from Anhal to Prithviraj Chauhan who was the last Hindu Emperor of India. 24 Branches/Shakhas : Chauhan,Hara, Khinchi, Songira, Deora, Pabia, Sachora, Goelwal, Bhadauria ,Nirwan,Malani,Purbia,Sura, Madrecha ,Sacrecha ,Balecha, Tasera, Chachera, Roj ,Chanda,Nikumba,Bhanwar,Bankat There are Lonia Chauhans found in Rajput,Jat and Gujjars and is a caste in itself.Adhana is found in Gujjars,Trehan in Punjab ,Lohan& Duhan are clan of haryanvi jats, khatris & Tarkan caste of Punjab.The Jats supported Chauhans in their battles for regaining power.

Princely states :

1)Ajmer (7th C-1365) 2)Ranthambhore(1236-1302) 3)Tulsipur (7th C-AD) 4)Devgarh Baria ,5)Bundi 6)Sirohi,7)Kotah, 8)Mainpuri:Raja Bhojraj-King of Mainpuri-the 8th in descent from Prithviraj Chauhan dynasty. Accession 1857/1953,Manchanna taluka was a part of Mainpuri distt.which originally belonged to the Nawab Wazir of Oudh who ceded it to East India Co.in1801. Pratap Rudraji left Neemrana in Samvat 1301 and established Mainpuri as Capital. Other successors were Dharakdevji, Pooranchan devji ,Karandevji ,Ghatamdevji,

Maharaj Tejsingh was the last Chauhan king of Mainpuri. 85 villages of Chauhans lie in western utterpradeshin the distt. of Bulandshahr,Aligarh,Agra etc. Village Davkoura lies in Bulandshahr having a population of 75% Chauhans. Three Lineages of Rajputs :

1) Suryavanhi (Solar dynasty),

2)Chandravanshi (Lunar dynasty)and

3)Agnivanshi (descent from Agni-the Hindu God of Fire)-The Chauhans, Parmaras, Solanki and Pratiharas. The 36 Rajput Clans :1) Badgujar Raghav,Bais,Gehlot,Parmar,Naru,Chauhan ,Nirwan (fought alongside Maharana Pratap against Akbar)Panwar,Solanki,Rathore, Tomar/Tanwar ,Kachhawa ,Sengar ,Balla ,Khurwar, Chawuru, Dahima/Dayma/Pundhir ,Dahiya,Byce,Gherwal,Nikumbh,Dewut,Johiya,Sikarwar,Dodiagh,Mer/Med,Sisodias ,Bhati ,Jadeja, Katoch ,Dhanetiya ,Dudhis ,Chandels , Bachhils, Jadauns.

Dynasties of Chauhan Clan:

1)Chahamanas of Shakambhari(Chauhans of Ajmer) 2)Chahamans of Nadula(Chauhans of Nadol) 3)Chahamans of Lata 4)Chahamans of Dholpur, 5)Chahamans ofJalore branched off from Chauhans of Nadulla 6)Chahamans of Pratapgarh 7)Chahamanas of Ranthambhor(branched off from Chauhans of Shakambhari)

Chahamanas of Shakambhari or Sambhar:They were the Hindu rulers who ruled parts of present Rajasthan and the neighouring areas called Sapadalaksha for around 400years from 7th century to 12th century.They were most prominent ruling clan categorised among Agnivanshi Rajputs with capital at Sambhar and were threat to the Gehlots in the SW region.They were preceded by the Gurjars-Pratiharas and Tomar dynasty and succeeded by Ghurid dynasty and Chahamanas of Ranthambhor.Until the 10th century ,they ruled as Pratihara vassals.After decline of Pratihara and Tripartite struggle the Chahamana ruler Simharaja assumed the title of Maharajadhiraja.In the early 12th century Ajayraj II moved the kingdoms capital to Ajmer due to which they are called the Chauhans of Ajmer. The setback came in year 1192 when Prithviraj-III was defeated in the IInd battle of Tarrain although this did not signify the end of the kingdom as it broke into Satpura and Deora branches after the invasion of Qutibuddin Aibak in 1197.The earliest Chauhan inscription on Copper plate is found at Hanslot.

Chahamanas originated as feudatories of the Pratiharas and rose to power in the wake decline of Pratiharas.Their state was initially centered around Sambhar.In the 11th century they founded Ajmer as capital. In 12th century Prithviraj acquired Delhi from maternal grandfather the then Delhi ruler Anangpal Tomar.The most famous ruler was Prithviraj Chauhan who won the first battle of Tarrain in 1191 against an invading muslim army but lost the second battle of Tarrain the following year in 1192. This loss was the landmark of the prolonged period of muslim rule over northern India.

As per Dashrath Sharma,the original habitat of Chauhan Raj: 1)Jangladesh(Pushkar) & Sapadalakaksha(Sambhar +NW area) 2)They moved northwards and conquered Delhi from Tomars. 3)Prithvirajvijaya puts Vasudevas capital a little to the east of Sambhar-which may have been Ananta distt. of Sapadalaksha. 4) The Harsha inscription(v-1020)shows that Ananta province situated near Sikar in Jaipur div. was Chauhans old seat of power.It was here that Tantrapala kshmapala tried to attack Vigrahraj-II grandfather Vakpati.It was here that Chauhans had the temple of their family diety Harshadeva. 5)Bijolia inscription regards Samanta as Samanta of Ananta Province 6)Ahichchatrapura 7)The Prithviraj vijay,Hammira and Surjana charita give Pushkar as Chahamanas birthplace-Pushkar rightly called Janglapradesh.

Important Capital cities :

1) AJMER :

It was founded by Ajayraj-II (C1110-1135CE) in the name of Ajaymeru(invincible hills) and served as Chahamana capital until the 12th century.It is surrounded by Aravalli mountains.It had been a muncipality till 1869.A enlogistic inscription issued by Vigrahraja-IV is found at Adhai din ka jhonpara states that Ajayadeva moved his residence to Ajmer.Dashrath Sharma notes that earliest mention of city name occurs in Palha’s Pattravali which was copied in 1113CE at Dhara. There is a black statue of Prithviraj Chauhan at his Smarak in Ajmer.

2)DELHI :

Anangpal Tomar founded Delhi.As per Harsha in 12th century Prithviraj’s place was near Kutub minar or Mehrauli .He defeated Anangpal Tomar and constructed a fort on the Indraprast fort ruins.He also made Surajkund near Tuglakabad.All the buidings were changed by Kuttubuddin.Chahaman kings of Ajmer conquered Lal kot in 1180 CE and renamed it Quila Rai Pithora.In 1206 after the death of Mohd.Ghori,Delhi became capital of Delhi Sultanate under slave dynasty of Ist Sultan Qutubudin Aibak (1206-10)who started the construction of Qutub Minar,a recognisable symbol of Delhi.

Mythological Epics :The Ajmer inscription of Shakambhari Chauhan ruler Vigrahraja IV (1150-64)claim that chahamana belonged to the Solar dynasty orginating from the Orbit of the Sun.The inclusion of Chauhans in Agnivansha may be traced back to recensions of Prithviraj Raso.Once Vashishtha and some sages began a major sacrificial ceremony in Mt.Abu.The ritual was interrupted by demon Dhundha .To get rid of the demon Vashistha created progenitors of the Rajput dynasty from the sacrificial firepit. These were Parihars,Solanki and Parmars who were not able to defeat the demons.So the sages prayed again and this time a fourth warrior Chahamana(Anhil) appeared and slayed the demons.Guru Vashistha took swearingg of 4 Aans-Satya,Dharma,Karm and Daya for Anhil.So he was named the follower of Chaarans & Chauhan. The earliest inscription describes the origin of the Chahamanas in 1119CE inscription Ratnapala -a ruler of Nadulla Chahamana dynasty.According to inscription, the ancestor of the Chahamana (a sanskrit word) was born from the eye of Indra.Prithviraj or Rai Pithora was born to father Someshwar and queen Karpuradevi .As per medieval biographies he was well educated.His particular proficiency was in Archery & mastered 6 languages .He was the epitome of courage and patriotism & ruled over two capitals of Ajmer & Delhi.He began his reign from 1177.He defeated Chandela king Parmadi. He was hostile towards king of Kannauj Jaichand Rathod whose daughter he married in the swayamvar he was not invited to.After the death of Prithviraj Chauhan it is believed that Sanyogita committed Jauhar to salvage her pride from Quttubiddin Aibak. The end of Prithviraj in 1192 weakened the Chauhan dynasty and it became part of the Delhi Sultanate. Chamundaraja (rc 1045-1065CE) was Indian king belonging to Chahamana dynasty.He ruled parts of present day Rajasthan & North western India. Preceeder-Viryarama /successor-Durlabhraja III.As per Dashrath Sharma ,Viryaram ,Vakpatiraja II & Chamundaraja were sons of Govindraja III.

GRAVE OF PRITHVIRAJ AT GHAZNI,AFGHANISTAN

Sher Singh Rana: A convicted murderer of dacoit-turned politician Phoolan devi ,was able to escape from Tihar Jail and after lot of planning & efforts and managed to reach Ghazni ,Afghanistan to bring back the relics of Prithviraj Chauhan. It was a great effort as a mark of respect for the great Indian warrior.

Historical dramas and Movies on Prithviraj Chauhan: 1)Dharti ka veer yoddha-Prithviraj Chauhan: A TV Serial-382 episodes,was originally released in 2006-2009.It was a historical drama broadcast on Star Plus based on Prithvirajraso played by Anas Rashid and produced by Sagar Pictures. 2)A movie titled Prithviraj is produced by Yashraj films and slated for release on Diwali of 2020 .Star Akshay kumar is in the lead role. 3)Animated movie Veer Yoddha (pc 2008)was released in English,Hindi,Tamil &Telugu 4)Medieval kavyas and epic poems by Hindu & Jain authors .These include the Prithvirajvijaya, Hammira mahakavya & Prithviraj Raso. PRV is the only surviving literary text from the reign of Prithviraj. PR Raso has popularised PR as a great king &purported to be written by kings court poet Chand Bardai but these can’t be authenticated for the purpose of history.

Readers may kindly note that most of the above information is courtesy Wikipedia (to which I am very grateful) for any corrections, additions & comments, contact this site so that necessary corrections may be made as per the verified & authentic information.

UDAIPUR :The Erstwhile Capital of Mewar,City of amazing Lakes, the City Palace & Kumbhalgarh Fort, The Great Mewar King -Rana Pratap:The unconquered/undefeated Maharana of the Haldighati battle against the mighty Moghul army which was demoralised/terrified by his Valour,the indomitable courage & bravery

UDAIPUR :The city is a lovely blend of lakes, lush green hills, forts, palaces ,temples, gardens and narrow lanes. Its fondly called the ‘Venice of India’.The sight of the historic monuments bring to mind tales of heroic past infused with valour and chivalry. Of the original 11gates only 5 are remaining. The Suraj pol on the astern side is the main entrance to the city.The lake palace on Jagniwas island in middle of Pichhola lake is the finest example of its Architecture and cultural exposition. Sahelion ki badi, the city palace and Jagdish mandir are other noteworthy architectural illustrations. Several places of interest around Udaipur include majestic Chittorgarh,Haldighati,mountain fortress of Kumbhalgarh,Jain temples Ranakpur,Eklingji,Nathdwara and cool retreat of Mt. Abu make the visit to Udaipur a memorable one.Its mesmerizing sights are an inspiration to the poets, writers and painters.Fairy tale palaces,lakes and forts create a picture of prefect atmosphere for the tourists.The Pichhola lake mirrors a feeling of wonder and tranquility .Udaipur was once the epicenter of heroism ,valour and chivalry.Its a jewel of Mewar -a kingdom rued by Sisodia dynasty for 1200yrs.Like so many cities in Rajasthan,Udaipur comes with a legend-Maharaja Udai Singh met a sage meditating on a hill overlooking Pichhola lake who advised him to build his palace on that spot nestled in an amphitheatre of low mountains.He built Udaipur city palace in 1559 overlooking the Pichhola lake-a great marvel in granite and marble.

About Udaipur: It was founded by Maharana Udai Singh in 1559 and shifted the capital of Mewar from Chittorgarh to Udaipur in 1559.Its Population-4,51,100(census-2011)Elevation-600mt above msl,Religions:Hindism,Jainism and Islam. Area-37sqkm ,660 km from Delhi.Nearest Airport is Dabok -24km from city center.Railways-Udaipur Jn.is connected to major cities.It was capital ofthe erstwhile Mewar from 1559 to 1949.

Main tourist attractions:

1)City Palace:A majestic architectural marvel towering over the lake in a conglomeration of courtyards,pavilians,terraces,corrodors,rooms and hanging gardens.Main entrance is through the Tripolia gate with 8 marble porticos.The Suraj Gokhada ,the balcony where the Suryavanshi maharanas of Mewar presented themselves to people in time of trouble to restore their confidence. The Mor chowk is known for its exquisite peacock mosaics in glass and chini chitrashala noted for its blue and white ceramics. Govt. Archealogical museum with rich collection of paintings of Mewar is worth visiting.2)Jagdish temple was built in 1651by Maharana Jagat Singh.The Indo Aryan temple is largest and beautiful with noteworthy sculptures. 3)Bhartiya Lok kala Mandal:Its a indian folk arts museum including folk dresses ,ornaments ,puppets ,dolls,folk musical instruments,folk deities and paintings .4)Sahelion ki badi-is a small ornamental garden with fountains as relaxing spots of royal ladies who went for a stroll, with delightful pools, chiselled kiosks and marble elephants. 5)Pratap Memorial: Atop the motimagri overlooking the fatehsagar, is the memorial of Rajput hero Maharana Pratap with his bronze statue.6)Fateh sagar :A beautiful lake overlooking hills on 3 sides and Pratap memorial on North was built by maharana Fateh Singh.In the middle of the lake is the Nehru park- a lovely garden island with a boat shaped café assessible by an enjoyable boat ride.7)Pichhola lake:A picturesque lake was enlarged by the founder by hills, palaces, temples ,Jagmandir and Jagnivas lake palace are all of breathtaking beauty.8)Ahar :The ancient capital of Sisodias boasts of profusion of Royal cenotaphs of rulers of Mewar.A rare collection of antiques including iron potsand other art items excavated in the region are displayed in small Govt. museum.9)Sajjangarh Fort :Dominating the city’s skyline ,it offers panoramic views of lakes palaces and surrounding countryside, built by Maharaja Sajjan Singh.10)Gulab bagh:A rose garden laid out by Maharaja Sajjan Singh and a library has a rare collection of ancient handwritten manuscripts and books.Toy trains and Zoo for children are added attractions.11)Eklingji: Its a Hindu temple complex in Udaipur distt.and believed to be the ruling deity of Mewar princely state.Constructed by Bappa Rawal in 8th century ,reinstalled by Hammir Singh in 14th century and renovated by Rana Kumbha in 15th century.It was destroyed by Mughals twice which finally was renovated by Rana Raimal (1473-1509) installing the present Vigraha murty in the main temple. 12)Kumbhalgarh fort: It was built by maharana Rana Kumbha (1419-1463)in 15th century,its at 1914 mts elevation and is the principal fortification after Chittorgarh and extends 12km enclosing gardens, palaces and temples.The Badal mahal & Kumbhalgarh wild life sanctuary is an attraction .13)Jagat , 14)Nathdwara: 15)Rajsamand lake and Kankroli: ,16)Nagda: ,17)Chittorgarh, 18) Sajjangarh:, 19)Ranakpur, 20)Haldighati & Chetak smarak

Travel facilities:

a)Dabok airport is at a distance of 24 km from city center. b)Rail:Udaipur jn. is connected to major cities. c)Road:wide network of bus services. d)Local transport :Tourist Reception and Guide centre. e)Conducted tours of RTDC to various tourist destinations like Eklingji ,Haldighati , Nathdwara,Rajsamand,Kankroli,Chittorgarh &Ranakpur.are easily available for booking. f)Hotels&Havelis:Super Dx to budget hotels are available offering local food specialities.

MAHARANA PRATAP SINGH SISODIA (1540-1597): He was crowned as the 13th Mewar King (1572-1597)after his father Maharaja Udai Singh in 1572.He was a true knight and an epitome of raw courage and love for his motherland-a glorious saga of Rajput valour and spirit of sacrifice for the cherished principles. He died in 1597 during a hunting accident.He was the first freedom fighter & ‘Bharat ka veer putra.’in real terms.

THE BATTLE OF HALDIGHATI:

In 1576 the battle of Haldighati was fought between Maharana Pratap Singh of Mewar and Moghul Emporer led by Man Singh of Amber at Khamnor ,Haldighati about 10km from Gogunda.The sieze of Chittor in 1568 led to loss of fertile Eastern belt of Mewar to Moghuls.Akbar then decided to attack Udaipur to expand his kingdom.The battle of Haldighati was fought fiercely and the outcome of the battle mustn’t be concluded on religious basis.The Mewar forces prevailed over the mighty Moghul army clashing with full vigour & courage and forced them to flee owing to their better strategy and planning in the location.The Moghuls were not able to capture Maharana Pratap as he escaped into the mountains to gain vital time before launching fresh offensive on the enemy.The Moghul army was so terrified of Maharana that it returned back to Gogunda after failing in their mission. Therefore Maharana Pratap was clearly victorious in the Haldighati battle.Akbar was very upset with Man Singh and stopped his entry into his Darbar .Akbar made many more attacks on Maharana Pratap but without any success.During the Haldighati battle,Chetak was injured seriously and died beside a nallah near the battlefield.The gallant horse was cremated ceremoniously & Chetak Memorial was constructed at the location. Maharana Pratap fought a fierce battle at Diver valley and had a decisive victory.He made Chavand his new capital .After that Maharana fought and regained back from Moghuls the western belt of Mewar- Kumbhalgarh,Udaipur& Gogunda.He died at Chavand during a hunting incident in 1597.

Readers may pl. note that all the information provided is from reliable sources(to which I’m very grateful)to the best of my knowledge.Still if anything is found incorrect kindly convey it on my site.I will make sure that it is duly edited. Pl.read the Udaipur & Chittorgarh blogs in conjunction to relate with Sisodia Dynasty Rulers.

CHITTORGARH:Historic Grandeur of Forts/Palaces, Amazing tales of Bravery of Maharanas in Battlefields, Sacrifices&Jauhar of Maharanis to salvage Honour/pride to keep alive Rajputi Values &Traditions

In May 1996,We the family of four persons, set off on a three- day tour of Chittorgarh, Ranakpur, Sanwariyaji and Pushkar and were mesmerised by the grand display of historic grandeur, exquisite handicrafts, traditional folk dances, music and the brightly-attired people all coming together to lend an aura of romance to the Chittorgarh city-a place where sacrifice and bravery walk hand in hand. It was a tour to the majestic land of rich cultural heritage where tales of valour & chivalry of warriors are sung with pride.

BAPPA RAWAL (713-810)FOUNDER OF SISODIA DYNASTY

CHITTORGARH:

The pride and glory of Rajasthan state echoes with the proud tales of romance, valour & chivalry.The history of Chittorgarh revolves around its ancient Forts which date back to the rein of Sisodia ruler Bappa Rawal (734-53).The Sisodias are believed to be the oldest dynasty in the world with their origin back to 566 AD. Mewar and Sisodia occupy a very special place in the history of Rajput kingdom which upheld the Rajputi values and kept alive the tradition of Independence when other rulers were bowing to acknowledge Mughal supremacy. known for the 7th century Fort crowned atop a hill, Chittorgarh is full of fortification, temples, Towers and palaces.

BAPPA RAWAL:

The legendary founder of Sisodia dynasty &conquered Chittor in mid 8th century (728 CE or 734CE) from Maurya rulers.In centuries that followed his descendents ruled over the state of Mewar-spread from Gujarat to Ajmer.The place is replete with with heroics of legendary Sisodia rulers-Rana Kumbha, Rana Sanga (Sangram Singh) & Maharana Pratap are today revered as heroes by the nation. From the 7th century, Chittorgarh was controlled by Mewar kingdom & then from 9th to the 13th century it was ruled by the Parmara dynasty.

The Fort was siezed on three occasions in its entire history:

1)1303 AD-Allauddin Khiljee defeated Rana Ratan Singh Sisodia and captured the fort. It was recaptured by Hammir Singh. Chittor gained prominence in the rule of its successors- Rana Kumbha and Rana Sanga. 2)1535 AD –Bahadur Shah Jaffar,Sultan of Gujarat defeated Bikramjeet Singh Humayun dethroned Bahadur Shah Jaffar & handed back the fort to the Sisodias. 3)1567-68-Akbar defeated Maharana Udai SinghII .After the defeat, men committed Saka (getting killed in combat purposely)&women committed Jauhar(self-immolation) to salvage their honour and pride .An example was set by Rani Karmawati in 1535CE. The Moghul emporer sacked the fort which remained under their control till the onset of British Indian Empire in 1858.

About CHITTORGARH :

Its a muncipality in southern part of Rajasthan.Its known for the Fort with remains of temples and monuments,a 9-storeyed 15th century Vijay stambh built of red stone and marble.It offers city views from the top and is lit up in the night. Nearby there is the Rajput-styled Fateh sagar palace.Area of fort-350.8 sqkm. Elevation is 395mts,Population-1.16 lakhs(2011 census).Founder-Chitrangada Maurya, a king of maurya dynasty who laid the foundation of one of the largest citadels of Asia.The Fort was capital of Mewar and was spread over an Area of 700 acres with 180 mts height.The fort stands on the bank of rivers Gambhiri and Berach-a tributary of Banas river.In 1568 AD,the capital was shifted to Udaipur being more secure.There are 22 water bodies (ponds,wells and step wells)as against the 84 water bodies earlier.It was earlier called Chitrakoot built by Mourya ruler Chitrangda Mourya.Chittor has been a land of worship for Meera and Panna Dhai(who sacrificed her own son for the sake of the royal kingdom)

Memorable Sacrifices :

1)Virangana Jawahar Bai,2)Rawat Bagh Singh,3)Jaimal Patta and Kallaji,4)Jhala Man,5)Maharani Koshithal,6)Bhama Shah,7)KulRakshak Panna Dhai,8)Hadi Rani. Jauhars :

1)1303 AD:Maharani Padmini, 2)1535AD :Rajmata Karmawat, 3)1568 AD:Patrani Phool Kunwar.

Main Tourist Attractions :

1)Chittorgarh fort ,2)Vijay Stambh(Tower of Victory) in the fort constructed by Mewar King Rana Kumbha in 1448 to commemorate his victory over the armies of Malwa &Gujarat led by Mohd. Khilji. The tower is dedicated to Lord Vishnu. 3)Kirti stambh (Tower of Fame)is a 12th Century tower in the fort built by a Jain merchant Jeeja Bhagerwala during 1179-1191 for glory of Jainism,4)Meera Temple,5)Padmini’s palace,6)Rana kumbha palace,7)Kalika Mata temple,8)Jauhar Sthal,9)Kumbha Shyam temple,10)Maharana Pratap statue,11)Ratan Singh palace,12)Suraj pole,13)Sri Digambar Jain Adinath temple &Satbees Deora,14)Jaimal and Patta haveli,15)Govt. museum-Fateh mahal converted into a museum,16)Chittor Railway station(stn.code-COR)it is under western railway zone .Earlier it was Rajputana-Malwa Railway built in 1874-1881 ,17)Ranakpur is a village located in Desuri tehsil near Sadri town of Pali distt. of Rajasthan located between Udaipur and Jodhpurin a valley of Aravali hills .Nearest railway station is Falna.It s the most famous place of Pali at an elevation of 486mts known for its most spectacular marble Jain temples.There is also a small Sun temple managed by the Udaipur Royal family trust.Its dedicated to Tirthankar Adinatha.The temple honours Adinath ,the first Tirthankar of the present half cycle according to Jain cosmology.Its named after the ruler Rana kumbha who supported the construction of the temple.Its believed that Darna Shah and local Jain businessman started construction of temple in 15th century.Other temples are Chaumukha temple,surya temple, Suparshvanatha temple and Amba temple. The Chaturmukh Dharana vihara temple is dedicated to Tirthankara Rishabnatha Chaumukha with four faces symbolises its conquest of 4 cardinal directions and hence the cosmos.Its one of the largest temples & 5 holiest Jain shrines in India and part of Gorwad Panch teerth, 18)Sanwariyaji temple dedicated to Lord Krishna,is made of white marble at Bhadsora town 40km from Chittorgarh. Deity is also called Sanwariya seth renowned in Hinduism. Dedicated to Lord Krishna it is an important Hindu pilgrimage centre. 19)Pushkar Dham :Its a city in Ajmer distt. located 10km NW of Ajmer and about 150km SW of Jaipur.Its a pilgrimage site for Hindus and Sikhs .Most of the temple /ghats in Pushkar are of 18th century and later because the temples were destroyed during muslim conquests and were rebuilt.Most famous is the Brahma temple built by Gurjar Samrat Pushkar who is father of Vedmata Gayatri and who was a Chechikanya married to lord Brahma.Its considered a sacred city by Hindus .There are many ghats in the shores of Pushkar lake for pilgrims to take holi dip.One of the ghats is nameg Gurugovind ghat. Also there are Gurudwaras for Guru Nanak and Govind singhji built by Sikhs in memory of Gurugovind singhji. There is an annual fair held here named Pushkar camel fair for cattles, horses and camels in the month of Kartik attracting around 2lakhs domestic and international tourists,20)Bundi :Located at 206 km from Chittorgarh is Bundi (built in 13th century) -a town in the Hadoti region of Rajasthan.It was ruled by Hadas who are are a major branch of Chauhan agnikula Rajputs. It was named after the Meena chieftant Bunda.Its famous for:a)Taragarh fort which towers over the city with more than 50 sunken step wells.used to draw clean water prior to installation of modern watermains.Others are the Raniji ki Baori stepwell ,Dabhaikund and Nagar saga kund.b)Palace and Chitrashala,c)Sukh mahal and d)Chaurasi khambon ki chhatri 21)Badoli-(130kms) Ruins of famous Badoli temples can be seen 4kms away from Rawatbhata on Kota road,21)Pratapgarh,22)Bijaipur, 23)Sitamata sanctuary,24)Menal,25)Jogini mata,26)Bhaisroadgarh wild life sanctuary -it is near Rana Pratap sagar/chambal hydroelectric station in Rawatbhata, 27)GaipernathTemple (on kota-Rawatbhata road) is an ancient Shiva temple(more than 500 yrs old )devotees pay frequent visits to the place,28)Charbhuja Nath temple in Rawatbhata(140km from Chittorgarh)is another ancient and famous temple .

JODHPUR: The Erstwhile capital of Marwar Kingdom with the Royal Grandeur of Rathore Rajputs, JAISALMER:Founded by Bhati Rajputs, the Golden City stands Shining amidst the mesmerizing sand dune ripples of the Thar Desert. Mt.ABU:’Simla’of Rajasthan.

Our Jodhpur and Jaisalmer trips:

On 29/12/2015,We a family of four(we & two children) set-off in the morning from Jaipur for Jodhpur and reached at 4pm,checked into our hotel and got refreshed before proceeding for shopping of Jodhpur specialities such as Jodhpuri suits, embroidered shoes (Jooti) and some souvenirs/presents for our near & dear ones. We had dinner of delicious local cuisine.We(I& wife)also recalled fond memories of our previous tour of Jodhpur, Jaisalmer & Mt. Abu way back in May 1987.

About Jodhpur :

It was founded by the chief of the Rathore clan, Rao Jodhaji of Mandore in 1459 (although Ahirs were the earlier inhabitants of Marwar)and was the capital of the Marwar kingdom. As per history, the Rathores were earlier driven out of their original homeland Kannauj by the Afghans. They fled to Pali.In some time they ousted the Pratiharas of Mandore (9km from Jodhpur)which served as their capital and for a more secure capital there was formation of Jodhpur by Rao Jodha. Rathores maintained good relations with Moghuls excepting Auranzeb. After death of Auranzeb, Maharaja Ajit Singh forced the moghuls out of Ajmer and annexed Marwar known as Jodhpur now. During the reign of Umed Singh ,Jodhpur prospered into a modern city.Jodhpur is located strategically on the road linking Dehli and Gujarat.This enabled flourishing of trade of Opium, copper, silk, sandalwood and dates. After death of Chandrasen Rathore in 1581,kingdom was annexed by Moghul ruler Akbar. After the death of Auranzeb in 1707,Veer Durgadas Rathore took over the throne after 30 yrs struggle.There was 50 yrs of wars and treaties and alliances with the British.1857 saw a major revolt by some Rathore nobles of Pali. Jodhpur had largest land area in Rajputana. Marwaris flourished and came to occupy a position of dominance under the British rule .Jodhpur is a city in Thar desert with a 15th-century Mehrangarh fort which is now a museum displaying weapons, paintings and elaborate Palanquins(sedan chairs).Set on a rocky outcrop,the fort overlooks the walled city with buildings painted with city’s iconic shade of blue. Its the heart of Rajasthan and the majestic jewel in its eternal crown illuminating the Thar & enriching the desert with enterpreneurship, scholorship and art.

RAO JODHA(1438-1489) FOUNDER OF JODHPUR)

LOCATION :

Its located at 231 mts above msl , Area 290 sqkm,population1056191(2011-census ) Hindus-77%,Islam-19.3%,Jains-2.7%,Others-1%.Literacy rate is 80.5%.There are many prominent institutions in Jodhpur : AIIMS, IIT, SNMC, DSRRAU, NLU, NIFT, ISRO, DRDO, CAZRI, AFRI, DMRC and the JNU.

On 30/12/2015, We went on a tour of the majestic Mehrangarh fort, Mandore gardens & the Royal Cinetaphs ,Jaswant Thada and all of them boasted of marvellous sculptures &great skill /craftmanship. We were mesmerised by sheer splendor & grandeur of the monuments. We had very tasty local specialities as dinner & had a good nights sleep.

Major Tourist attractions :

1)Mehrangarh fort :Its one of the largest forts, the beauty and grandeur of numerous places in the fort narrates the saga of hard sandstones yielding the chiesels of Jodhpuri sculptures-spread over 5km- Motimahal, sheesh mahal, collection of musical instruments ,palanquins, furniture and cannons on the fort ramparts are all well preserved,2)Mandore gardens :To the north of ancient capital of Marwar,8 km from Jodhpur city ,main attraction is the Hall of Heroes whose huge figures are carved out of single stone piece. The shrine of 330 million Gods and royal Cenotaphs .The greenery of the place makes it, in a true sense, an oasis in the desert. 3)Jaswant Thada :Its the 15th Century royal Cenotaph built in white marble in commemoration of the Maharaja Jaswant Singh II and three other Cenotaphs stand nearby -as reverence to their brave kings. ,4) Umed bhawan palace and museum:Its a luxury grand palace and is one of the largest private residence whose one part is managed by Taj Hotels. It is named after Maharaja Umed Singh, grandfather of the present owner GajSinghji .It has 347 rooms, a part serves as the residence of theearstwhile royal family. Another part houses a well maintained museum displaying array of items belonging to Maharaja and Royal family, weapons, antiques and fascinating clocks,crockeries and trophies. Govt. museum is located in the Umed bhawan public gardens which was developed by Maharaja Umed Singhji. 5)Balsamand lake,6)Kaylana lake is at 11kms and an ideal picnic spot with nice boating facility,7)Ghanta ghar, 8)SardarGovt.museum,9)Jaipol,10)Sardar market & clock tower shopping centre :A place for shopping of Jodhpuri Jooti,Jodhpuri suits and safas and lovely souvenirs for gifting to our near & dear ones.Also we can have many things to eat such as: mawa kachori,pyaj kachori,Makhaniya lassi,kacher mirch sabji,kadhi pakoda,lahsun ki chatni,gatte ki sabji, dal- bati-churma,mirchi bada, Raab-lapsi & many kinds of Jodhpuri sweets.11)Osian oasis is an oasis in the desert at a distance of 60 km from Jodhpur on the diversion of Jodhpur Bikaner highway.It has 16 beautifully sculptured Jain and Brahmin temples.Surya/sun temple,kali temple,Sachiya mata and Mahavira Jain temple.12)Mineral Industry: Due to availability of minerals -rich in non-metallic minerals like sandstone ,Rhyolite, Dolomite, Limestone, Jasper,granite, clay &Murram,13)Nomadic Tribe or Banjaras,14)Marwar Festival celebrated every year 15)Heritage hotels and Guest houses:a)Karni bhawan,b)Ajit bhawan,c)Ghoomer hotel, d)Umed bhawan,e)Ratnada Polo palace,f)Rajputana palace,g)Raj basera,h)Youth hostel.

On 31/12/2015, We proceeded to Jaisalmer popularly called the golden city standing on a ridge of yellow sandstone and is crowned by the ancient Jaisalmer fort perched at 80mts in the Trikuta hills containing a royal palace and several ornate Jain temples made of finely sculptured sandstone. We visited the Fort & were thoroughly amazed by the skill of craftsmanship of the monuments.

MAHARAWAL JAISAL SINGHJI -FOUNDER OF JAISALMER(1153-1168)

About Jaisalmer :

It was founded by Rawal Jaisal who was a Yaduvanshi Bhati Rajput ruler of Jaisalmer during the 12th Century and was the sixth in decent from Rawal Devraj Bhati who had capital at Lodurva village 15 km from Jaisalmer. Lodurva was the capital of the Bhati dynasty until 1156CE,9th century when Rawal Jaisal shifted it to Jaisalmer. Devraj Bhati captured Lodurva from Rajputs of Chalukya empire. Bhati rajputs were feudal chiefs who lived off the forced levy on the caravans laden with silk and spices crossing the territory enroute Delhi or Sind.These were source of great wealth to them. The region is also famous for sale of messenger bags made of wild camel skins .The medieval majesty of the citadel still remains. On setting sun Jaisalmer transforms into a magic kingdom-the Sonar Kila. Its a UNESCO heritage site located at an elevation of 225mts above msl, Area is 5.1sqkm ,population- 65,471(2011 census)Hindus-90%, muslims-8%,Remaining 2%-sikhs /Christians/ jains/ budhists. Its the largest district of Rajasthan, the 3rd largest terrestrial region in the country. The length of International border attached to Jaisalmer distt. is 464km.The Max.temp. 49*c/min. 5*c.

Jaisalmer Fort :The Fort was built in 1156 and is a proud landmark of the Bhati clan/ kingdom.Rawal Jaisal was the founder of Jaisalmer city& Fort was built in his reign.Its 250ft tall fort protected by 30ft long walls.It constitutes99 bastions amongst these 92 were built between 1633 & 1647.One can see the fusion of Rajput &Islamic architecture .There are 4 gateways to reach the Fort-Ganeshpol,Akshaypol,Surajpol &Hawa pol.The main attractions inside the Fort are: Rajmahal,Jain temples & the Laxminarain temple Its popularly known as the “Sonar Kila” because it is made of yellow sandstone.

TOURIST ATTRACTIONS:

1)Jaisalmer Fort,2)Patwon ki Havelli :Its a five-storey monument with extensive corridor and the chambers are supported by intricately carved pillars. One of the most exquisite building in the walled city which truly exemplifies the architectural style typical of the erstwhile Rajputana. 4)Sam village– 40km from the Jaisalmer city famous worldwide for the enchanting sand dunes,5) Bada Bagh & Windmill farms of Jaisalmer, 6)Desert Festival; Its celebrated every year in Feb/March turning it into a unique Cultural Hub with folk dances, camel races, puppet shows and bonefires for tourists enjoying the rustic open air extravaganza.7)Mandir palace near Amar Sagar Gate.8) Gopa chowk & havelis,9) Tazia tower,10) Nathmalji ki haveli,11) Salim singh ki haveli.11)Barmer:In the 13th century Bahad Rao Parmar founded Barmer.Its famous for historic monuments,remains of Juna Fort,Godess Jagdambe mandir located at 140 mtrs high over the plains.Kiradu was the headquarter of Barmer distt.Thar festival is celebrated in March every year.Its 160 km from Jaisalmer.

After the visit of Jaisalmer fort proceeded to the Sam village and checked into our pre- booked Heritage hut for the grand new- year celebrations. After getting refreshed we went for the jeep safari on the sand dunes at the setting sun.It was a very amazing spectacle& the ripples/waves formation on the sand dunes was a breathtaking-sight worth capturing on camera .After returning to the hotel we joined the campfire celebrations with folk dances in colourful costumes and local musical instruments. We had a very tasty dinner before saying goodbye to the old year & welcoming the New year with great enthusiasm and expectations. Had a good nights sleep.

SAM SAND DUNES: Its a major tourist attraction in the Thar desert for tourists and a must- visit destination on a Jaisalmer visit. Having a view of the sunrise or sun set is a breathtaking experience of a lifetime. Witnessing the ripples on the sand dunes by winds is also a unique sight.The Camel Safaris, the Campfires ,the Rajasthani folk dances /songs/music & local food are lifetime experiences to be savoured in our memories.

01/01/2016, In the morning we went for a camel ride to distant areas of desert sand dunes-supposed to be the spots of film shootings with mesmerising views of the ripples of sand dunes.Came back to the hotel to go for visit of Jaisalmer war museum which had a grand display of war vehicles /tanks, etc(some were supposed to have been captured in the 1971 Indo-Pak war)

Our visit of MOUNT ABU in May 1987:

After competing our tour of Jodhpur & Jaisalmer we two proceeded to Mt Abu or Abu Parvat or Mount. Arbuda , a hill station in the Sirohi district of Western Rajasthan near Gujarat border. The region is said to be the original abode of the Gurjars . During our two days stay we enjoyed main spots of the hill station. Best season: Nov.to June although its climate is pleasant throughout the year.

About Mount Abu :

It is located on a high rocky plateau in Aravali mountain range surrounded by forests and offers relatively cool climate over the arid plains below.Its elevation is 1220 mts above mean sea level.Population-22943 (2011 census)Average literacy rate is 81.15%which is higher than national average of 74.04%.89.31% are Hindus,7.69% are Muslims and 1.45% are Christians. Nearest railway station is Abu Road station 28km away .Nearest Airport is Udaipur located at 210kms.jaipur is 475km.

Main Tourist Attractions:

1)Nakki Lake :As per legend,the lake was scooped up by a God using his nails.Some Hindus consider it Holi lake.Its worth taking a pleasant stroll around the perimeter of the lake surrounded by hills,parks and stray rock formations such as Toad rock looks like a toad about to hop into the lake.Its a great boating point.2)Dilwara Jain temples:They are built by Mahipala Solanki (Chaulakya kings),ornately carved from white marble of great spiritual importance.3)Guru Shikhar: At 1722 mts above msl ,its the highest point in Mt. Abu and Aravali mountain range. Guru Dattatreya temple is an incarnation of Hindu Deities :Brahma,Vishnu and Shiva. 4)Achalgarh Fort: 11km north of Mt.Abu this Fort is built by Paramara dynasty and was renovated by Maharana Kumbha in 1452 (one of the 32 Forts built in his reign). In Achalgarh Mahadev temple,a brass Nandi is located here.5)Mt Abu Wildlife Sanctuary. 6)Toad Rock, 7)Sunset Point, 8) Brahma Kumari Foundation, 9 )Raghunath Temple dating back to the 14th Century stands near the lake’s southern shore.10) Ambaji Mata or Arbuda mata Temple :Located in the Banaskantha distt.of Gujarat ,45KMs from Mount Abu, is known for its historical/mythological connection with sites of cultural heritage.Its a major shaktipeeth of India& kuldevi of Barad Parmars clan whose capital is located at nearby Danta town.

After the absorbing tour started back on return journey to Jaipur after the grand & exciting tour of Jodhpur ,Jaisalmer, sam sand dunes and Mount Abu.

Amritsar: India’s most sacred Sikh pilgrimage destination , Jallianwala Bagh: Place with the ‘unerasable dark past’ of the 1919 massacre of hundreds of Indians by the British,The Wagah Border Beating Retreat:An amazing display of national pride & patriotism by Indian B.S.F. & Pak Rangers.

The Golden Temple, Jallianwalla Bagh and Wagha Border tour :

In the last week of Dec.2017,We a family of five persons went on a 3-day Pilgrimage to the most sacred Harmandir sahib Gurudwara ,Jalliawalla bagh(the place of barbaric 1919 messacre of hundreds of Indians by the British) and Wagah Border to witness the Beating Retreat (display of pride & enthusiasm of Indian BSF personnels) which was an utterly gripping event.The atmosphere all around was full of nationalist feelings & pride for the nation which was everywhere to be seen when our national anthem was being sung. Jai Hind!

LOWERING OF INDIAN AND PAK FLAGS AFTER THE BEATING RETREAT CEREMONY AT WAGAH BORDER

30/12/2017:

We started from Delhi in the morning for Amritsar and reached at 5pm in the evening. We checked in our hotel(which was adjacent to Golden Temple), got ourselves refreshed and proceeded to the Harmandir Sahib Gurudwara popularly called the Golden temple(swarn mandir). After having a holi dip in the Amrit sarovar we calmly listened to the ardas/keertans/Shabad Gurubani and experienced a deep sense of peace and tranquillity deep within us.Then we had parsadi(having a unique taste with a fulfilling feeling) in Guru-ka-langar(believed to be the largest free kitchen of the world) before proceeding to our hotel for a good nights sleep.

AMRITSAR:

Its the holliest city for Sikh pilgrims situated in Northern Punjab 25 km from Pakistan border .Its the main centre for commerce, culture & transportation .Although its principal place of worship for Sikhs, travellers from all over the world and of all faiths and interests visit this beautiful place.Its an attractive destination for tourists especially the part of Golden Triangle .As per 2011 Censes :Population:11,32,761.Religious following: Hinduism :49.36%, Sikhism :48%, Christianity: 1.23%,Islam:0.51%.Others :0.74%

THE HARMANDIR SAHIB GURUDWARA(SWARN MANDIR)

GOLDEN TEMPLE: The Harmandir Sahib Gurudwara(meaning the God’s abode) or the Golden temple(Swarn mandir)

Its is a two-storeyed construction, built on 67 ft square marble located in the Amritsar city .The temple is built around a man made pool that was completed by Guru Ram Das in 1577. Guru Anjan, the fifth Guru of Sikhs requested Sai Mir Mohd.,a muslim pir of Lahore to lay the foundation stone in 1589.It was established in Nov.1581.The interior of Darbar is with gold-encrushed walls featuring a Golden chandelier and is famous for its full golden dome. Guru Arjan placed a copy of the Adi Granth in the Harmandar sahib calling the site Sath Teerath (Shrine of 68 pilgrimages).Everyday more than 20 thousand people and 1 lakh people during special occasions come to take a dip in the holi Amrit sarovar and have free parsadi in the langar irrespective of caste, creed ,colour or gender.it is an exquisite attraction of the world and people come here to seek spiritual solace and religious fulfilment.Its the holiest shrine of Sikhism with religious fervour, sacredness and a symbol of brotherhood & equality.Its divinity is a thing that can only be felt and cant be described in words.

31/12/2017:

In the morning after breakfast we again went to the Golden temple to offer our prayers to the Darbar Sahib with holi chanting-Wahe Guru da khalsa,wahe guruji di fateh and’Bole so nihal sat siri akal’.It had a magical effect:we could feel the calm & tranquil feeling engulfing us with His Omnipresence.Guru Granth sahib contains hymns which direct one to lead a truthful&spiritual life.Gurbani are written in a poetic form ‘for calming & soothing the mind’. We felt like remaining there only and it was with quite an effort we got out of the temple premises for our next destination: the Jallianwalla bagh.

JALLIANWALA BAGH :

Its a public garden & memorial in Amritsar that honours the 2000 Indians who were massacred indiscriminately( while participating in a peaceful public meeting) under the command of British General Michael O’ Dyre on 13/04/1919.There is a Martyrs well or the Memorial well alongwith the section wall (where bullet marks are still visible) are still preserved. Its one of the most tragic yet landmark event in the history of dependent India.Some historians claim it to be a significant landmark in Indias independence struggle. Afterwards we proceeded for the Wagah border :

At 4 pm we reached Wagah assembly area for obtaining our Entry passes to be displayed on our vehicles which are permitted till a particular allotted parking zone from where we have to move on foot under security cover. We were really impressed with the systematic security arrangements for making possible smooth visit to the grand event-Beating retreat. We finally reached our seats to witness the event with souring nationalist sentiments arising out of national pride and patriotism. The display was utterly gripping. We started back for Amritsar& reached at 7:30pm,had local Amritsari cuisine(Naan/Chole bhature/rajma/rice,etc)with great taste and enjoyed it to our fill. Reached our hotel & had deep nights sleep being quite tired.

WAGAH BORDER :Its located at a distance of 28km from Amritsar &22km from Lahore and marks the boundaries between India and Pakistan borders.At Wagha ,the flag ceremony is conducted by IBSF and Pak Ranges since 1959.All the while people chant the National Anthem filled with pride and patriotic sentiments for their motherland.On both side of the border there is a massive gate-Swarn Jayanti Dwar.The beating retreat is held everyday before sunset .It includes the closing of main Gates and lowering of flags of both countries. The timing of reporting for witnessing the ceremony is 05:15pm in summers and 04:15 in winters.

MAIN TOURIST ATTRACTIONS:

1)Golden Temple,2)Durgiana Temple: Its also known as the Laxmi narain, Durga teerth and Sthal mandir. Its a hindu temple with idols of Durga ,Laxmi and Vishnu deified& worshipped here,3)Bhagwan Valmiki Teerath Sthal is at 11km distance west of Amritsar and dates back to the Ramayana period to Rishi Valmiki heritage.There is a hut that marks the place where Sita gave birth to Luv and Kush. Every year in Nov. a four day fair is held here,4)Sadda Pind,5)Govindgarh Fort,6)Rambagh Palace,7) Maharaja Ranjit Singh museum & statue,8)Wagah border,9)Partition museum, townhall: Its a public museum which aims to become the central repository of stories, materials and documents related to the post-partition riots that followed the division of British India into India and Pakistan. The museum was inaugurated on 25/08/2017, 10)Jallianwala bagh,11)Jang-e-Azadi memorial (near Kartarpur) commemorates the unparalleled sacrifices of the heroes of the freedom struggle and disseminates knowledge about the rich cultural heritage in the minds of youngsters,12)Pul Kanjari: Its a historical village and a heritage site built by Mahraja Ranjit Singh(1780-1839).It was an important trading centre and has a monument built in memory of Jawans killed in 1971 Indo-Pak war. Its 35 km from Amritsar and 5kms from Wagha. Its located on Amritsar road after crossing Atari,13)Punjab state cultural heritage,14)Jama masjid or Khairuddin Masjid was built by Mohd.Khairuddin in 1876CE,15) Samadhi of Shravan, 16)Wildlife Sanctury: Harike bird sanctuary was created in 1953,55km south of Amritsar. Harike lake is the largest wetland in north India. It has a barraj constructed at the confluence of rivers Ravi and Beas.17)Kartarpur corridor :59 KMs from Amritsar, its a visa- free secure corridor connecting Gurudwara Dar sahib in Pakistan to the border with India. The crossing allows Indian devotees with Indian passports to visit Gurudwara and Dera Baba Nanak at the Indian side of the border !Its said to be founded by the first Guru of Sikhism Nanak Dev(1469-1539) where he established the first Sikh community. It was proposed in 1999,foundation stone laid-26/11/18(Indian side)/28/11/18(Pak side).Corridor was completed on 12/11/2019, the 550th birth Anniversary of Guru Nanakdevji .18)St. Pauls Church, 19)Khoo Kalianwala :In 1857 when Mangal Pandey rebelled against British ,the 400- soldiers platoon stationed at Lahore escaped from their barracks, swam the river Ravi and reached Ajnala.The Dypt. Comm. Mr. Cooper ordered to put them in coop like room where 200 soldiers died of asphyxia and next morning rest 200 soldiers were shot dead .The dead bodies were thrown in Kalianwala Khoo in Ajnala. ,20)Jandiawala Guru, Amritsar district is also home to India’s only handicraft on UNESCO list of intangible cultural heritage.The deputy commisioner is taking up the job of reviving interest in this area through Project Virasat.21)Radhe Gokulanand Temple,22) Gurudwara Ramsar sahib,23)Dukh bhanjan Ber tree, 24)Akal Takht,25 )Gurudwara Pipli sahib, 26)Kaiserbagh park27)Man dir Mata Lal, 28) Chand Baori,29)Gurudwara Bibeksar sahib:The sacred Gurudwara marks the place where Guru Hargovind Singhji used to tie his horse to the kareer tree .Its situated on the banks of Bibeksar sarovar which was dug by Guru Govind singhji (1666-1708) himself .Gurudwara was constructed by Maharaja Ranjit Singhji, 30)ISCON Temple, Amritsar.31)Taran Taran sahib.32)Shopping: For purchase of textiles, clothing such as Patiyala salwars,jadau , jootis, sandalwood items, ivory, weaponary and daggers, Chess boards, handicrafts ,fulkaris, etc. a)Hall bazar, b)katra jaimal singh bazar, c)Guru bazar, d)Lohri gate, e)Shastri market

GURUDWARA BIBEKSAR SAHIB ON THE BANKS OF BIBEKSAR SAROVAR BUILT BY HARGOBIND SAHIB

01/01/2018:

In the morning after breakfast we started our return journey to Delhi with wonderful memories of the place offering such wonderful moments of Spirituality, calmness, sanctity and tranquility to be cherished lifelong. Couldnt think of a better way to bid goodbye to the bygone year and welcome to the new year.

KERALA-the Tourists Paradise in ‘Gods own country’, MUNNAR- an endless panorama of lush-green carpets of tea plantations, ALLEPPY-Exploring the ‘Venice of the East’ by boat cruises in the tranquil stretches of emrald backwaters

KOCHI-MUNNAR-ALLEPPY TOUR :

On 27/06/2018 We ,a family of five persons set of on a 5-day tour to the ‘Gods own country’ through a package tour of Fine kerala & Kottayam Taxi Operators. Reached Kochi airport and Sara Hotels& Apptts.,Angamaly, Cochin at 8pm.After getting refreshed had dinner and a good nights sleep after the long journey from Jaipur.

About Kerala :

Its called Gods own country being geographically blessed with Arabian sea in the west, Western Ghats, network of 44 rivers, lush green hill stations sprawling tea plantations, paddy fields, exotic wild life and the serene backwaters adding to its grandeur. There is high intensity cultural life with infinite no. of customs and age -old influence of Hinduism, Islam, Judaism & Christianity. There are enchanting art forms , magical festivals, inspiring ayurvedic lifestyles and remarkable forms of martial arts .All of these come together to offer you an amazing diversity of attractions in the perfect place to soak up the rich culture .

About Ernakulam:

Its a distt. of Kerala with an area of 2407 sqkm with its headquarter at Kakanad. Ernakulam includes Kochi city which is known as the commercial capital of Kerala. Kerala highcourt , Cochin stock Exchange and the office of kochi Muncipal corporation are located here. Its famous for :1)Fort Kochi 2) Vypin Island & Lighthouse,3)Allapuzha beach, 4)Mahatma Gandhi beach,5)Cherai beach,6)Kerala backwaters,7) St Francis CSI Church, 8)Willington Island, 9)Mattencherry Peninsula.

About Cochin:

Its the largest city of Kerala with a population of 5.5Lakhs marked with a riveting diversity of Kerala with different cultures .Cochins all-weather harbour has made it an important centre for commerce and Industry. It has a maritime history that began in remote past. The Portuguese ,the Dutch and English had established themselves at one time or the other. The assortment of rulers transformed Cochin into an extraordinary melting pot of people and culture. With a sizeable Jewish community, which is reflected in Jewish Signagogue, a magnificent prayer hall constructed in 1568 AD. Another place of interest is the St. Francis Church built by the Portuguese in Circa 1510 AD .Vasco da Gama’s gravestone is located here though its mortal remains were taken back to Portugal several years later.

28/06/2018:

Started for Munnar at 8AM and enjoyed the journey with beautiful locations & stunning vistas on the way:1)Cheeyopara water falls2)Balra falls3)Elephant ride at Alhind, 4)Govt.Ayurveda Garden with variety of herbs spices of medicinal value(made some purchases).5)Dr Fish Spa: an exciting way to your feet pedicure. Enjoyed all the spots thoroughly. Reached Hotel Fort Munnar with a majestic look/nice amenities/well mannered staff .Had a very delicious dinner and retired in our very comfortable rooms.

About Munnar :

Its a popular hills station perched at an elevation of 1600mts in the Western Ghats and was established in 19th century in British rule and was colonial hideout from times gone by.Munnar was the favoured summer resort of British. Deep in tea plantations with terraced hillside irrigation as a setting, the town is a combination of traditional Indian shops/Guest houses and old colonial type buildings and architecture. Its picturesque setting layered with lush green carpets of tea plantation is a haven for honeymooners and tourists alike. Lokharts tea factory produces 1)Black tea,2)Lemon tea,3)White tea(the best &the costliest tea). Famous for largest tea estates, various shades of green, blankets of mist and craggy peaks, it is aptly known as the Kashmir of South India. Devikulam is a hills tation 5kms away for Munnar. Its lake water has rich minerals with rare curative properties. Munnar is 130kms from Kochi airport and 120kms from Angamaly railway station. Its devided into Old Munnar with Tourist information centres and Munnar with Bus station & most of the Guest houses. Best time to visit is Sept. to May.

29/06/2018: MUNNAR TOUR:

We all woke up in early hours and reached on the Hotel terrace to witness the infamous & mesmerising sunrise of Munnar and believe me it was a stunning spectacle to be seen and cherished lifelong. We also had quite a unique experience of life listening to the sonorous singing of birds like the tones of harmonium. We made a recording of the same. Also we had a nice healthy & refreshing morning walk in the lush green lawns, excercised in the hotel Gym. Also some of us took body massage & spa in the parlour. After breakfast we started for our local joy trip of Munnar specialities such as1)Punmodi Dam2)hanging bridge3)Ripple water fall,4)SN Puram,5)Idukki,6)Lokharts tea factory & museum, 7)Echo point ,8)Photo point,9)Salim Ali bird sanctuary,10)Tea plantations.11)Spice garden,12)Pothamedu view point,13)Wildlife safari,14)Sports activities: Paragliding, Bike tours and Jeep safaris,15)Tata tea ( kdhp museum),16)Eraviculam national Park.It was a superb visit to the green valleys and picturesque landscapes. We had our fill of the stunning views. Reached hotel ,had nice dinner and night rest to prepare for the next days- Alleppy tour.

30/06/2018:

ALLEPPY TOUR:

After breakfast we departed for Alleppy and reached at 1600 hrs.First of all we took the 2-hour Shikara ride in the backwaters relishing the colourful houseboats, the serene backwaters &the paddy field farms in the area. Later on we checked-into our Hotel LEMON TREE Vembanad Lake Resort, Muhamma, Alleppy with fantastic rooms and a swimming pool(with a illusion of its merging with the adjacent sea waters)with deep blue water.Got thoroughly refreshed after the swim, had a tasty dinner & went to sleep with sweet memories of the trip accomplished till then.

About Alleppy :

Its a scenic coastal town with picturesque setting & ultra beautiful landscapes ,backwaters and lagoons-aptly called the Venice of the East.Officially called Allapuzha – its bordering the Laccadive sea with wide networking of interlinking palm-fringed canals called backwaters and rejunuvating Ayurvedic resorts .Its popular for its houseboat cruises which pass through serene backwaters, green paddy fields, beautiful avifauna and local life of people. Towards the shore lies the Alleppy beach in Arabian sea. Vembanad lake is a lagoon ,located here, is the largest lake in Kerala with tranquil backwaters amidst mesmerising natural surroundings. Main Places of interest : 1)Houseboats,2)Alapuzha beach,3)Kumakoram bird sanctuary,4)Nehru trophy boat race,5)Paddy fields in backwaters,6)Vembanad lake,7)Heritage and cultural trails of Alleppy,8)Backwaters of Alleppy : Best time to visit is Oct. to Feb.

REFRESHING SWIMMING POOL AT HOTEL LEMON TREE,ALLEPPY

01/07/2018:Return tour to KOCHI:

In the morning we visited the Allapuzha beach and started back for Kochi vising the CHERAI BEACH on the way. It was a very clean beach with beautiful view of waves & sea. We reached our hotel Sara Aptts.,had a nice meal and went to sleep.

02/07/2018:Back to Jaipur:

After such a beautiful tour of the ‘Gods own country’, We took our return flight to Jaipur trying to savour the fantastic memories of the great tour.